(a) I made my brother carry
my suitcase.
(b) I had my brother carry
my suitcase.
(c) I got my brother to carry
my suitcase.
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Make, have, and get can be used to express the
idea that “X” causes “Y” to do something. When they are used as causative
verbs, their meanings are similar but not identical. In (a): My brother had
no choice. I insisted that he carry my suitcase. In (b): My brother carried
my suitcase because I asked him to. In (c): I managed to persuade my brother
to carry my suitcase.
|
Forms
X makes Y do something (simple
form).
X has y do something (simple
form).
X gets Y to do something
(infinitive).
|
|
Causative Make
(d) Mrs. Lee made her son clean
this room.
(e) Sad movies make me cry.
|
Causative make is followed by the
simple form of a verb, not an infinitive. (INCORRECT:
She made him to clean his room.) Make gives the idea that “X” forces “Y” to
do something. In (d): Mrs. Lee’s son had no choice.
|
Causative Have
(f) I had the plumber repair
the leak.
(g) Jane had the waiter bring
her some tea.
|
Causative have is followed by the
simple form of a verb, not an infinitive. (INCORRECT:
I had him to repair the leak.) Have gives
the idea that “X” requests “Y” to
do something. In (f): The plumber repaired the leak because I asked him to.
|
Causative Get
(h) The students got the teacher to
dismiss class early.
(i) Jack got his friends to
play soccer with him after school.
|
Causative get is followed by an
infinitive. Get gives the idea that “X” persuades “Y” to do something. In (h): The students managed to
persuade the teacher to let them leave early.
|
Passive Causative
(j) I had my watch repaired
(by someone).
(k) I got my watch repaired
(by someone).
|
The past participle is used after have
and get to give a passive meaning. In this case, there is usually
little or no difference in meaning between have and get.
In (j) and (k): I caused my watch to be repaired by someone.
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Saturday, 22 October 2011
Using Causative Verbs: Make, Have, Get
Labels:
English Grammar
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